Hypogonadism

Hypogonadism - What it is

Hypogonadism is a condition that results in reduced production of sex hormones (testosterone in males, and estrogen in females). Testosterone is produced by the testes in men. Estrogen is produced by the ovaries in women.

Hypogonadism - Symptoms

Hypogonadism in adolescents can caused delayed or absent puberty.

Adult men with hypogonadism may experience loss of libido (sex drive), erectile dysfunction, or infertility. They may also notice a decrease in facial and body hair growth.

Adult women with hypogonadism may stop menstruating or have irregular menstrual periods, develop infertility, vaginal dryness, hot flashes, or experience loss of libido.

In both adult men and women, prolonged hypogonadism may cause osteoporosis, or low bone mass.

Hypogonadism - Causes and Risk Factors

Hypogonadism may be caused by conditions that are present at birth, or those that only occur later in life.

Hypogonadism can result from conditions that affect the hypothalamus or pituitary glands, which are the “master hormone glands” that control many other hormone glands in the body, including the testes in men and ovaries in women.

Hypogonadism can also result from conditions that affect the testes in men, or the ovaries in women directly.

Hypogonadism - Diagnosis

A diagnosis of hypogonadism is based on symptoms, physical examination findings, and the results of blood tests. Blood tests can be done to measure the levels of testosterone, estrogen, and other related hormones.

Hypogonadism - Treatments

Treatment for male and female hypogonadism depends on the cause of hypogonadism, and whether fertility is desired.

For male hypogonadism, male hormone replacement therapy (testosterone replacement therapy) or pituitary hormone therapy may be used in certain situations.

Treatment for female hypogonadism may include female hormone replacement therapy (estrogen and progesterone), or pituitary hormone therapy in certain situations.

Overview

Endocrinology

Article contributed by Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital

The information provided is not intended as medical advice. Terms of use. Information provided by SingHealth

Dr Swee Du Soon

Senior Consultant

MBBS, MRCP(UK), FRCP (Edin), FECSM

Clinical Interests: General Endocrinology, Pituitary ＆ Adrenal Disorders, Andrology, Men’s Health, Reproductive Endocrinology

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