Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

​Possible symptoms of NMOSD include:

• Vision loss in one or both eyes
• Weakness or numbness in the legs or arms   
• Uncontrollable vomiting and hiccups
• Difficulty with or loss of bladder and bowel control
• Difficulty walking
• Painful spasms
• Uncontrollable itching

NMOSD has an unpredictable course and many people with NMOSD develop attacks (relapses) which may occur months or years apart. Disability can be cumulative with repeated attacks, leading to worsening disability over time e.g. difficulty with walking and long-lasting visual loss.

Previously, NMOSD was thought to be a subtype of multiple sclerosis (MS) as both the conditions have similar symptoms. We now know that NMOSD is a separate condition. Attacks in NMOSD are often more severe and the effects might be permanent after each attack.